Pagus Augustus Felix Suburbanus

Archaeological excavations of Boscoreale

Archaeological excavations of Boscoreale The story Villa Regina Antiquarium Visiting hours and costs How to reach us

The archaeological excavations of Boscoreale have brought to light a series of Roman villas, mostly rustic, concentrated in that area which according to some would lead back to the Pagus Augustus Felix Suburbanus, i.e. a Pompeian suburb, included today in the municipal territory of Boscoreale and limitedly in that of Boscotrecase and Terzigno: in these places activities linked to pastoralism and cultivation were concentrated, especially vines and cereals.

The story

The first fragmentary excavation works that were carried out in Boscoreale date back to the mid-1700s, as evidenced by a report by Karl Jakob Weber, who spoke of an exploration in the area, after some findings of objects and Roman walls during the construction of a road to Torre Annunziata: this first excavation continued for just over a month, and was then abandoned due to the lack of finds. A second excavation was carried out on 29 December 1760 following the discovery of some rooms and gold and silver coins; another archaeological investigation was carried out on 14 May 1774, when during some works for the collection of lapilli a bronze statue and some inscriptions were found: this excavation lasted several months, precisely until 2 July 1774, during which a large quantity of finds were found.

After this first period, for over a century Boscoreale was not affected by important archaeological finds, until 1876 when a second phase of excavations began that brought to light about thirty rustic villas, small buildings with areas dedicated to agricultural activities and some rooms for the owner's residence that were instead finely decorated: these were mostly explorations aimed at recovering furnishings and decorations both on the walls and floors to be transported to museums such as the Louvre, the Metropolitan in New York, the Art Institute of Chicago or the National Archaeological Museum of Naples, or to be the subject of private collections. On 9 November 1876, during the excavation for the foundations of a house, some walls of the rustic area of ??a villa resurfaced, later named "of Cecilio Giocondo": the excavation work was however immediately suspended, to be resumed only on 10 September 1894; from this villa comes the famous Treasure of Boscoreale. Other small villas were explored and stripped of their decorations and furnishings until 1928 when the Boscoreale area fell into oblivion again: all the buildings were buried again[3]. During the 20th century several villas were discovered, always for random reasons, but after an initial, approximate investigation they were covered again.

Today the only villa that can be visited is Villa Regina, which also appears to be completely rebuilt and restored, also following the construction, in 1991, of the Antiquarium of Boscoreale, located next to it and of which it is an integral part of the visit route; the antiquarium itself houses what remains of the few remaining finds, found in the area of ??the Pagus Augustus Felix Suburbanus.

Villa Regina

Villa Regina is the only one in Boscoreale that can be visited and that has been completely rebuilt and restored: it is a rustic villa, on two levels, dating back to the 1st century BC but which subsequently underwent several expansions both in the Augustan and Julio-Claudian ages. The building, of modest dimensions, develops around a courtyard, which also housed a wine cellar with 18 dolia, bordered by a portico in which, during the excavation, a plaustrum, or transport cart, was found. Around the courtyard there are various rooms: a torcularium that housed the press of which the cast remains today, a room used both as a warehouse and as a kitchen, a basin for pressing grapes and a container for collecting the must, a granary, a water cistern and an uncovered farmyard bordered by a stone border; the only room of greater importance is the triclinium with decorations in the 3rd and 4th Pompeian style. The agricultural area, especially vines, arose around the villa, as evidenced by the casts of the roots of the plants.

Antiquarium

The Antiquarium, established in 1991 and housed in a building constructed adjacent to the archaeological area of ??Villa Regina, illustrates, with the aid of educational tools, the life and environment of the Roman era in the Vesuvian countryside, particularly favorable to human settlement and exploitation. Numerous finds of all kinds are exhibited there, often found in an exceptional state of conservation under the blanket of Vesuvian ash and lava during the excavations carried out, between the end of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century, in some of the houses of Pompeii and in the rustic and noble villas attested in this area, which allow us to acquire remarkably precise data on the standard of living, economic conditions, habits and customs of the inhabitants of this territory in Roman times.

After a few years of closure, the antiquarium reopened on October 14, 2023, with a room dedicated to the excavations underway in the suburban villa of Civita Giuliana, with the ceremonial chariot discovered there in 2021, and the addition of some new finds in the rooms, as well as new signage and panels.

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